Funct. Mater. 2020; 27 4: 667-674.
Optical, electrophysical and structural properties of polycrystalline germanium grown by horizontal directional crystallization method
Institute for Single Crystals, STC Institute for Single Crystals, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
Studied are the conditions for the obtaining of polycrystalline germanium (poly-Ge) of optical quality by the method of horizontal directional crystallization. Peculiarities of the formation of the structural and electrophysical characteristics, as well as their influence on the optical properties of the polycrystals, are investigated. It is established that poly-Ge ingots have inhomogeneous structure and texturing with preferential growth of crystallites along the crystallographic direction [111]. The grain sizes vary within a wide range from ~ a millimeter to several centimeters along and across the ingot. It is shown that, likewise in the case of Ge single crystals, the electrophysical and optical properties of poly-Ge are essentially defined by the concentration of free charge carriers, the structural defects and the charge state of the donor activator. Annealing at T = 850-900°C raises the value of optical transmission of both pure and Sb-doped germanium not less than by 1-2 % within the whole of the transparency range. There is obtained poly-Ge:Sb with the coefficient of light attenuation α ~ 0.04 cm-1 (for 10.6 μm wavelength) and high homogeneity of the distribution of the characteristics along the ingot.
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