Funct. Mater. 2023; 30 (3): 413-423.
Mutual impact of alternative mechanisms of a dopant embedding into an ordered medium: a case of gramicidin S in model lipid membranes
1Institute for Single Crystals, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
2Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv
Governing mechanisms of dopants interactions with host media are of peculiar importance in the light of development of novel materials. Lipid structures, including bilayer membranes, are vivid examples of ordered media with plenty ways of practical usage. In this work, L-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membrane doped with an antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S (GS) is under consideration. Due to GS ability to form associates inside the membrane, this is a case when the same dopant behaves like two different ones, whereby lipid shells around GS monomers and associates porly mix with one another and lipid domains of two different types arise. Data of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were collected reflecting phase transitions in the system. Some unusual GS features were observed by means of DSC. In particular, a power-law concentration dependence of phase transition temperature was obtained for monomer-containing domains, where the exponent is higher than 1, which is rather typical for polymolecular sorption. We proposed a phenomenological model based on mutual impact of alternative mechanisms of 'dopant - medium' interactions. Within the framework of the model, the system DPPC + GS is considered as two-dimension nano-emulsion composed of two different types of domains where processes on the domains boundaries, including generation of free volume, affecting significantly the system properties. The model allows us to explain quite well a number of membranotropic features of GS, including its antimicrobial action, and could be useful for interpretation and prediction of GS effects in various model and cell membranes.
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